Hoover J., 2015, Dropping the knife in The Gambia, Access here

Johansen R. E. B., Nafissatou J., Laverack G. and Leye E, 2013, What Works and what doesn’t: A discussion of popular approaches for the abandonment of FGM, Access here

Peyton N., 2019, Seeking to save money, Sierra Leone village gives up FGM, Access here

UNFPA and World Bank, 2004, Female Genital Mutilation / Cutting in Somalia, Access here

WHO, 2011, Female Genital Mutilation programmes to date: what works and what doesn’t, Access here

28 Too Many, 2018(a), Somalia: the law and FGM,  Access here

28 Too Many, 2018(b), The Law and FGM: An Overview of 28 African Countries, Access here

Africa News, 2018, Kenyan girls smuggled across border for FGM procedure, Access here

All Africa, 2008, West Africa: Cross border FGM the rise, Access here

End FGM European Network, FGM in Europe, Access here

Gitonga, F. Equality Now, 2019, personal communication

 GRIGED, 2008, Pratique transfrontalière de l’excision: Etat des lieux etévaluation des actions dans les zones frontalières du Burkina Faso, de la Côted’Ivoire, du Ghana, du Mali et du Niger, Access here

Modern Ghana, 2015, FGM Beyond the Borders: Ghanaian crossover to Burkina Faso and Togo to cut their children, Access here

Ngianga-Bakwin K., Komba P.N.,2015, Geographic Variation of Female Genital Mutilation and Legal Enforcement in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Case Study of Senegal, Access here

Population Council, 1996, Project Evidence to End FGM/C: Research to Help Girls and WomenThrive , Access here

Starr News, 2014, Cross-border Female Genital Mutilation rampant in Upper East region. Ghana, Access here

The New Humanitarian, 2008, Cross border FGM/C on the rise, Access here

Tobi Tingo N., 2019, personal communication

Tostan Digital for all, 2014, Cross border meeting between Senegalese and Gambian communities to discuss ending Female genital mutilation, Access here

UNFPA Kenya, 2019, 1^st Regional Inter-Ministerial Meeting to #EndCrossBorderFGM, Access here

UNFPA-UNICEF, 2018,  Joint Programme on Female Genital Mutilation: Accelerating Change, Access here

UNFPA-UNICEF, 2019,  Joint Programme on Female Genital Mutilation: Accelerating Change, Access here

UNICEF, 2018, Child protection/Female Genital Mutilation, Access here

UNICEF, 2016, New statistical report on Female Genital Mutilation shows that harmful practice is a global concern, Access here

Women in The World, 2018, FGM prevalence rate in dramatic decline across Africa, Access here

World Health Organization, 2016, Female Genital Mutilation, Access here

Wouango J., Ostermann  S. and Mwanga D., 2020, When and How does Law Effectively Reduce the Practice of FGM/C, Access here

Ellen Gruenbaum, 2001,  The Female Circumcision Controversy: An Anthropological Perspective, Access here

End-FGM Network, 2020, Factsheet 4 : The Development Costs, Access here

Finke E., 2006,  Genital mutilation as an expression of power structures: ending FGM through education, empowerment of women and removal of taboos, Access here

Gruenbaum E., 2001, The Female Circumcision Controversy: An Anthropological Perspective, Access here

Les discussions de la CoP-MGF, 2020, Note thématique “Mainstreaming FGM” de la CoP-FGM, Access here

OMS, 2008, Eliminer les mutilations sexuelles féminines : déclaration inter institutions HCDH, OMS, ONUSIDA, PNUD, UNCEA, UNESCO, UNFPA, UNHCR, UNICEF, UNIFEM, Access here

Mediterranean Institute of Gender Studies (Institut méditerranéen des études de genre, M.I.G.S.)., 2015, Prise de position du réseau EndFGM: Considérer les MGF comme une question de genre et de développement, Access here

Mpinga E.K., Macias A., Hasselgard-Rowe J. et al. , 2016, Female genital mutilation: a systematic review of research on its economic and social impacts across four decades,  Access here

Population Reference Bureau, 2013, Ending female genital mutilation/cutting: lessons from a decade of progress, 2013., Access here

Shell-Duncan B., Reshma N. and Feldman-Jacobs C., 2016, A state-of-the-art synthesis on female genital mutilation/cutting: What do we know now?, Access here

UNICEF, 2013, Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: a statistical overview and exploration of the dynamics of change, Access here

UNFPA-UNICEF, 2015, Mesurer les progrès, encourager les changements, Access here

UN Women, 2017, Rural women explore new solutions to counter customs and poverty driving FGM crisis, Access here

UN Women, 2016, Stepping out of the Boma: Maasai women of Tanzania take charge of their own lives and livelihood, Access here

UN Women Egypt, 2019, Forces for change: Improving the lives of women in Egypt, Access here

UNFPA-UNICEF Joint Programme on FGM, Annual Report 2018 : Accelerating Change, Published in August 2019, Access here

WHO, Bishai D., Bonnenfant Y. T., Darwish M., Adam T., Bathija H., Johansen, E., 2010, FGM Cost Study Group of World Health Organization (2010). “Estimating the obstetric costs of female genital mutilation in six African countries, Access here

WHO, 2008, Eliminer les mutilations sexuelles féminines : déclaration interinstitutions HCDH, OMS, ONUSIDA, PNUD, UNCEA, UNESCO, UNFPA, UNHCR, UNICEF, UNIFEM, Access here

Aldeeb Abu-Sahlieh S., Sami A, 2012, Centre de droit arabe et musulman. Circoncision masculine et féminine : débat religieux, médical, social et juridique., Access here

Aldeeb Abu-Sahlieh S., Sami A., 1994, To Mutilate in the Name of Jehovah or Allah: Legitimization of Male and Female Circumcision, Access here 

Bouhdiba A., 1975, La sexualité en Islam, Access here

Cohen, Shaye J. D., Oakland,University of California Press, 2005. Why Aren’t Jewish Women Circumcised? Gender and Covenant in Judaism here

Christianize: Exode 4:25, Josué 5: 7, Actes: 7: 8, Romains 2:28, Romains 4:11, 1 Corinthiens 6:18

Earp B.D., Hendry J., Thomson M., 2017, Reason and paradox in medical and family law: shaping children’s bodies, Access here 

 El-Damanhoury I., 2013,  The Jewish and Christian view on female genital mutilation, Access here 

End Cutting Girls Nigeria, 2017,  Islam does not support FGMC, Access here (video)

Hayford S., Trinitapoli J., 2011, Religious differences in Female Genital Cutting : A Case Study from Burkina Faso, Access here

Human Rights Without Frontiers, 2018, Women’s Rights & Religion. A report on women’s rights and Christianity, Islam and Judaism.  here

Islam and Population Network, Nigeria, Position Paper

Lethome Asmani I. and Sheikh Abdi M., 2008,  Delinking Female Genital Mutilation / Cutting from Islam, Access here

Mahmoodi O., 2016, Survey on religious views on FGM,  Access here

Newell-Jones K., 2016, Baseline Research Report: Empowering communities to collectively abandon FGM/C in Somaliland, Access here 

Offiong A. V., Daily Trust, 2018, Stories of Nigerian women mutilated in secret (Christian perspective), Access here 

Qur’an, Hadith and Scholars: Female Genital Mutilations, Access here

Serour, G. and Abd El-Hameed Ragab, A.R., 2013, Excision (MGF): Entre utilisation incorrecte de la science et compréhension erronée de la doctrine, Access here

Shafi School Religious Thinking, Access here

Sheikh Abdi M., Population Council 2007, FRONTIERS Program: A Religious Oriented Approach to Addressing FGM/C among the Somali Community of Wajir, Kenya. Access here

Sheikh Abdi M., 2008, Survey on religious views on FGM, Access here

Stop FGM Middle East, 2005 (a), Religion or Culture, Access here

Stop FGM Middle East, 2005 (b), Fatwas against FGM, Access here

UNICEF, 2013, Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting : a statistical overview and exploration of the dynamics of change,
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28toomany, 2016, The Medicalization of FGM, Access here

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Kimani S. and Kabiru C., Population Council, 2018, Shifts in Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: Perspectives of Families and Health Care Providers. Evidence to End FGM/C: Research to Help Women Thrive., Access here

Kimani S., Kabiru C. W., Mutechi-Strachan J. and Guyo J., 2020, Female genital mutilation/cutting: Emerging factors sustaining medicalization related changes in selected Kenyan communities, Access here

Kimani S., Muteshi J. and Jaldesa G., 2018, Medicalization of FGM/C among the Abagusii of Kenya, Access here

Kimani S. and Shell-Duncan B., 2018,  Medicalized Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: Contentious Practices and Persistent Debates, Access here

Njue C. and Askew I., 2004, Medicalization of Female Genital Cutting Among the Abagusii in Nyanza Province, Access here

Obianwu O., Adetunji A., Dirisu O., Population Council, 2018. “Understanding medicalisation of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C): a qualitative study of parents and health workers in Nigeria. Evidence to End FGM/C: Research to Help Women Thrive, Access here

Population Reference Bureau, 2018, Understanding the Impact of Medicalisation on Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting, Access here

PRB, 2020,  Understanding the Impact of Medicalisation on Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting, Access here     

Refaat A., 2009, Medicalization of female genital cutting in Egypt, Access here

Richard F. and Decoster K., 2016, Why we should be against the medicalisation of Female Genital Mutilation, Evidence to End FGM/C: Research to Help Girls and Women Thrive consortium Access here Access here

Serour G., 2013, Medicalization of female genital mutilation / cutting,  Access here

Shell-Duncan B., 2001, The medicalization of female “circumcision”: harm reduction or promotion of a dangerous practice?, Access here

Shell-Duncan B., Njue C. and Moore Z., 2017, The Medicalization of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting:What do the Data Reveal?, Access here

UNICEF, 2017, Baseline Study Report: Female Genital Mutilation/ Cutting and Child Marriage among the Rendille, Access here

World Health Organization, 2010, Global strategy to stop health-care providers from performing female genital mutilation, Access here

Yussuf M., Matanda D. and Powell R. A., 2020, Exploring the capacity of the Somaliland healthcare system to manage female genital mutilation/cutting-related complications and prevent the medicalization of the practice: A cross-sectional study, Access here

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Aldeeb Abu-Sahlieh S., Sami A, 2012, Centre de droit arabe et musulman. Circoncision masculine et féminine : débat religieux, médical, social et juridique., Access here

Aldeeb Abu-Sahlieh S., Sami A., 1994, To Mutilate in the Name of Jehovah or Allah: Legitimization of Male and Female Circumcision, Access here 

Bouhdiba A., 1975, La sexualité en Islam, Access here

Cohen, Shaye J. D., Oakland,University of California Press, 2005. Why Aren’t Jewish Women Circumcised? Gender and Covenant in Judaism here

Christianize: Exode 4:25, Josué 5: 7, Actes: 7: 8, Romains 2:28, Romains 4:11, 1 Corinthiens 6:18

Earp B.D., Hendry J., Thomson M., 2017, Reason and paradox in medical and family law: shaping children’s bodies, Access here 

El-Damanhoury I., 2013,  The Jewish and Christian view on female genital mutilation, Access here 

End Cutting Girls Nigeria, 2017,  Islam does not support FGMC, Access here (video)

Hayford S., Trinitapoli J., 2011, Religious differences in Female Genital Cutting : A Case Study from Burkina Faso, Access here

Human Rights Without Frontiers, 2018, Women’s Rights & Religion. A report on women’s rights and Christianity, Islam and Judaism.  here

Islam and Population Network, Nigeria, Position Paper

Lethome Asmani I. and Sheikh Abdi M., 2008,  Delinking Female Genital Mutilation / Cutting from Islam, Access here

Mahmoodi O., 2016, Survey on religious views on FGM,  Access here

Newell-Jones K., , 2016, Baseline Research Report: Empowering communities to collectively abandon FGM/C in Somaliland, Access here 

Offiong A. V., Daily Trust, 2018, Stories of Nigerian women mutilated in secret (Christian perspective), Access here 

Qur’an, Hadith and Scholars: Female Genital Mutilations, Access here

Serour, G. and Abd El-Hameed Ragab, A.R., 2013, Excision (MGF): Entre utilisation incorrecte de la science et compréhension erronée de la doctrine, Access here

Shafi School Religious Thinking, Access here

Sheikh Abdi M., Population Council 2007, FRONTIERS Program: A Religious Oriented Approach to Addressing FGM/C among the Somali Community of Wajir, Kenya. Access here

Sheikh Abdi M., 2008, Survey on religious views on FGM, Access here

Stop FGM Middle East, 2005 (a), Religion or Culture, Access hereStop FGM Middle East, 2005 (b), Fatwas against FGM, Access here

UNICEF, 2013, Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting : a statistical overview and exploration of the dynamics of change,Access here

Women’s Rights & Religion. A report on women’s rights and Christianity, Islam and Judaism, Access here

 IF YOU HAVE ARTICLES AND PUBLICATIONS TO RECOMMEND ON THE ISSUE OF RELIGION AND FGM, DO NOT HESITATE TO SHARE THEM WITHIN THE COP

• CHIRURGIE ESTHÉTIQUE GÉNITALE

  • Arianne Shahvisi & Brian D. Earp – The law and ethics of female genital cutting – 2018
  • Kirsten Bell – Genital Cutting and Western Discourses on Sexuality – 2005

  CIRCONCISION MASCULINE

  • Marjolein van den Brink & Jet Tigchelaar – Shaping Genitals, Shaping Perceptions: A Frame Analysis of Male and Female Circumcision – 2012
  • J. Steven Svoboda & Robert Darby – « A Rose By Any Other Name? Symmetry and Assymmetry in Male and Female Genital Cutting »
  • Bian Earp – « Female genital mutilation and male circumcision: toward an autonomy-based ethical framework » – 2015
  • Debra L. DeLaet – Framing Male Circumcision as a Human Rights Issue? Contributions to the Debate Over the Universality of Human Rights – 2009
  • Zachary Androus – The United States, FGM, and Global Rights to Bodily Integrity Paper Presented at The Rothermere American Institute Conference The United States and Global Human Rights – 2004